120 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
120 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# Overview of Popular Distobutions (Ubuntu)
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## 1. Introduction to Ubuntu
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Ubuntu is a popular, user-friendly Linux distribution based on Debian. It's known for its ease of use, regular release cycle, and strong community support.
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## 2. Ubuntu Versions
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- LTS (Long Term Support): Released every two years with 5 years of support
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- Regular releases: Every 6 months with 9 months of support
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## 3. System Requirements
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Minimum:
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- 2 GHz dual-core processor
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- 4 GB RAM
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- 25 GB storage
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- VGA capable of 1024x768
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Recommended:
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- 4 GHz quad-core processor
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- 8 GB RAM
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- 50 GB SSD storage
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- Graphics capable of 1920x1080
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## 4. Installation
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- Download Ubuntu ISO from ubuntu.com
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- Create a bootable USB drive using tools like Rufus or Etcher
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- Boot from USB and follow the installation wizard
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- Choose installation type (alongside Windows, replace existing OS, or custom partitioning)
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- Set up user account and password
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## 5. Ubuntu Desktop Environment
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- GNOME is the default desktop environment
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- Customizable with themes, extensions, and widgets
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- Activities overview for app launching and window management
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## 6. Software Management
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- Ubuntu Software Center for GUI-based installations
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- APT (Advanced Package Tool) for command-line package management
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- PPAs (Personal Package Archives) for third-party software
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Key commands:
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```
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sudo apt update #Get current version of installable programs
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sudo apt upgrade #Uprade all the currently installed programs/packages on the system
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sudo apt install package-name #Install a package by name
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sudo apt remove package-name #Uninstall a package by name
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```
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## 7. File System Structure
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- / (root directory)
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- /home (user home directories)
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- /etc (system configuration files)
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- /var (variable data, logs)
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- /usr (user programs, data)
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## 8. Terminal Usage
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- Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal
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- Basic commands: cd, ls, mkdir, rm, cp, mv
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- Man pages for command documentation
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## 9. User Management and Permissions
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- sudo for administrative tasks
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- useradd and userdel for user management
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- chmod and chown for file permissions
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## 10. Networking
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- Network Manager for GUI-based network configuration
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- ifconfig and ip for command-line network management
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- Firewall configuration using ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall)
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## 11. System Monitoring and Maintenance
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- System Monitor for GUI-based monitoring
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- top, htop for command-line system monitoring
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- Disk Usage Analyzer for storage management
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## 12. Backup and Recovery
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- Built-in Backups tool
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- rsync for command-line backups
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- Boot-Repair for system recovery
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## 13. Ubuntu Server
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- Command-line only version for servers
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- Popular for web hosting, databases, and cloud deployments
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## 14. Ubuntu Flavors
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- Kubuntu (KDE)
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- Xubuntu (Xfce)
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- Lubuntu (LXQt)
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- Ubuntu MATE
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- Ubuntu Budgie
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## 15. Virtualization and Containers
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- KVM for hardware virtualization
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- VirtualBox for desktop virtualization
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- Docker for containerization
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## 16. Development Tools
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- Build-essential package for C/C++ development
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- Support for various programming languages (Python, Java, Ruby, etc.)
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- IDEs like Visual Studio Code, PyCharm available
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## 17. Troubleshooting
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- Boot options (Recovery mode, older kernels)
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- Log files in /var/log
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- Community support through forums and Ask Ubuntu
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## 18. Security
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- Regular security updates
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- AppArmor for application isolation
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- ClamAV for antivirus protection
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## 19. Customization
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- GNOME Tweaks for desktop customization
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- Compiz for desktop effects
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- Variety for wallpaper management
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## 20. Ubuntu in the Cloud
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- Official images available on major cloud providers
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- Optimized for cloud deployments
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- Snaps for easy application deployment
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