177 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
177 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# Linux Basic Network Configuration
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## 1. Network Interfaces
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Linux uses network interfaces to communicate with networks. Common interfaces include:
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- eth0, eth1, etc.: Ethernet interfaces
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- wlan0, wlan1, etc.: Wireless interfaces
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- lo: Loopback interface
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To list network interfaces:
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```
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ip link show
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```
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or
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```
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ifconfig -a
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```
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## 2. IP Address Configuration
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### Temporary IP configuration:
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- To set an IP address temporarily:
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```
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sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0
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```
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- To remove an IP address:
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```
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sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0
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```
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### Permanent IP configuration:
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Edit the network configuration file (location varies by distribution):
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- Ubuntu/Debian: /etc/network/interfaces
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- CentOS/RHEL: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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Example configuration:
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```
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auto eth0
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iface eth0 inet static
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address 192.168.1.100
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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gateway 192.168.1.1
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dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
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```
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## 3. DHCP Configuration
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For dynamic IP assignment, use DHCP:
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```
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auto eth0
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iface eth0 inet dhcp
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```
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## 4. Network Manager
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Many modern Linux distributions use Network Manager for easier network configuration. You can use the command-line tool 'nmcli' or GUI tools to manage connections.
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## 5. Hostname Configuration
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Set the hostname:
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```
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sudo hostnamectl set-hostname new-hostname
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```
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Update /etc/hosts file to include the new hostname.
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## 6. DNS Configuration
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Edit /etc/resolv.conf to set DNS servers:
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```
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nameserver 8.8.8.8
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nameserver 8.8.4.4
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```
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Note: This file may be overwritten by DHCP. For permanent changes, configure your network manager or DHCP client.
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## 7. Routing
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View routing table:
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```
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ip route show
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```
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Add a static route:
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```
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sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
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```
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## 8. Firewall Configuration
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Most Linux distributions use iptables or nftables. Ubuntu uses ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) as a frontend.
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Enable UFW:
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```
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sudo ufw enable
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```
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Allow incoming SSH:
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```
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sudo ufw allow ssh
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```
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## 9. Network Diagnostics
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- ping: Test connectivity
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- traceroute: Trace packet route
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- netstat or ss: Display network connections
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- tcpdump: Capture and analyze network traffic
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## 10. Network Service Management
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Start/stop network service:
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```
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sudo systemctl start networking
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sudo systemctl stop networking
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```
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Enable/disable network service at boot:
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```
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sudo systemctl enable networking
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sudo systemctl disable networking
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```
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## 11. Wireless Network Configuration
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Use 'iwconfig' to configure wireless interfaces:
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```
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sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "NetworkName" key s:password
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```
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For WPA networks, use 'wpa_supplicant'.
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## 12. Network Bonding
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Combine multiple network interfaces for redundancy or increased throughput. Edit /etc/network/interfaces:
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```
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auto bond0
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iface bond0 inet static
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address 192.168.1.100
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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gateway 192.168.1.1
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bond-slaves eth0 eth1
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bond-mode active-backup
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bond-miimon 100
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bond-primary eth0
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```
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- [(1) The Ultimate Guide to Linux Mint Network Configuration.](https://www.fosslinux.com/105545/the-ultimate-guide-to-linux-mint-network-configuration.htm.)
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- [(2) How to set up an Internet Connection in Linux Mint?.](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/132747/how-to-set-up-an-internet-connection-in-linux-mint.)
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- [(3) How to Share Files and Folders on a Linux Mint Network.](https://www.fosslinux.com/103443/how-to-easily-share-files-and-folders-on-a-linux-mint-network.htm.)
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- [(4) Linux Mint - Community.](https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/1966.)
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- [(5) Configure Network in Debian / Ubuntu / LinuxMint - ITzGeek.](https://www.itzgeek.com/how-tos/linux/ubuntu-how-tos/configure-network-in-ubuntu-14-04-linux-mint.html.)
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