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LWM-Linux/15 - Linux Distributions and Deployment/Overview of Popular Distobutions (Ubuntu).md

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Overview of Popular Distobutions (Ubuntu)

1. Introduction to Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a popular, user-friendly Linux distribution based on Debian. It's known for its ease of use, regular release cycle, and strong community support.

2. Ubuntu Versions

  • LTS (Long Term Support): Released every two years with 5 years of support
  • Regular releases: Every 6 months with 9 months of support

3. System Requirements

Minimum:

  • 2 GHz dual-core processor
  • 4 GB RAM
  • 25 GB storage
  • VGA capable of 1024x768

Recommended:

  • 4 GHz quad-core processor
  • 8 GB RAM
  • 50 GB SSD storage
  • Graphics capable of 1920x1080

4. Installation

  • Download Ubuntu ISO from ubuntu.com
  • Create a bootable USB drive using tools like Rufus or Etcher
  • Boot from USB and follow the installation wizard
  • Choose installation type (alongside Windows, replace existing OS, or custom partitioning)
  • Set up user account and password

5. Ubuntu Desktop Environment

  • GNOME is the default desktop environment
  • Customizable with themes, extensions, and widgets
  • Activities overview for app launching and window management

6. Software Management

  • Ubuntu Software Center for GUI-based installations
  • APT (Advanced Package Tool) for command-line package management
  • PPAs (Personal Package Archives) for third-party software

Key commands:

sudo apt update                  #Get current version of installable programs
sudo apt upgrade                 #Uprade all the currently installed programs/packages on the system
sudo apt install package-name    #Install a package by name
sudo apt remove package-name     #Uninstall a package by name

7. File System Structure

  • / (root directory)
  • /home (user home directories)
  • /etc (system configuration files)
  • /var (variable data, logs)
  • /usr (user programs, data)

8. Terminal Usage

  • Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal
  • Basic commands: cd, ls, mkdir, rm, cp, mv
  • Man pages for command documentation

9. User Management and Permissions

  • sudo for administrative tasks
  • useradd and userdel for user management
  • chmod and chown for file permissions

10. Networking

  • Network Manager for GUI-based network configuration
  • ifconfig and ip for command-line network management
  • Firewall configuration using ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall)

11. System Monitoring and Maintenance

  • System Monitor for GUI-based monitoring
  • top, htop for command-line system monitoring
  • Disk Usage Analyzer for storage management

12. Backup and Recovery

  • Built-in Backups tool
  • rsync for command-line backups
  • Boot-Repair for system recovery

13. Ubuntu Server

  • Command-line only version for servers
  • Popular for web hosting, databases, and cloud deployments

14. Ubuntu Flavors

  • Kubuntu (KDE)
  • Xubuntu (Xfce)
  • Lubuntu (LXQt)
  • Ubuntu MATE
  • Ubuntu Budgie

15. Virtualization and Containers

  • KVM for hardware virtualization
  • VirtualBox for desktop virtualization
  • Docker for containerization

16. Development Tools

  • Build-essential package for C/C++ development
  • Support for various programming languages (Python, Java, Ruby, etc.)
  • IDEs like Visual Studio Code, PyCharm available

17. Troubleshooting

  • Boot options (Recovery mode, older kernels)
  • Log files in /var/log
  • Community support through forums and Ask Ubuntu

18. Security

  • Regular security updates
  • AppArmor for application isolation
  • ClamAV for antivirus protection

19. Customization

  • GNOME Tweaks for desktop customization
  • Compiz for desktop effects
  • Variety for wallpaper management

20. Ubuntu in the Cloud

  • Official images available on major cloud providers
  • Optimized for cloud deployments
  • Snaps for easy application deployment