90 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
90 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
# Using the Linux Terminal (BASH Shell)
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## 1. Basic Navigation:
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- pwd: Print working directory
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- ls: List files and directories
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- cd: Change directory
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- mkdir: Create a new directory
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- rmdir: Remove an empty directory
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- touch: Create an empty file
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## 2. File Operations:
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- cp: Copy files or directories
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- mv: Move or rename files/directories
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- rm: Remove files or directories
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- cat: Display file contents
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- less: View file contents page by page
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- head/tail: View beginning/end of a file
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## 3. Text Editing:
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- nano: Simple text editor
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- vim: Advanced text editor
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- emacs: Another advanced text editor
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## 4. File Permissions:
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- chmod: Change file permissions
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- chown: Change file owner
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- chgrp: Change group ownership
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## 5. Process Management:
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- ps: List running processes
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- top: Dynamic view of system processes
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- kill: Terminate a process
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- fg/bg: Bring process to foreground/background
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## 6. System Information:
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- uname: Display system information
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- df: Show disk usage
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- du: Display directory space usage
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- free: Show memory usage
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## 7. Network Commands:
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- ifconfig: Configure network interfaces
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- ping: Test network connectivity
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- ssh: Secure shell for remote access
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- scp: Securely copy files between hosts
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## 8. Package Management:
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- apt-get (Debian/Ubuntu): Install, update, remove packages
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- yum (CentOS/Fedora): Similar to apt-get
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- dnf (Fedora): Next-generation package manager
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## 9. File Compression:
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- tar: Archive files
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- gzip/gunzip: Compress/decompress files
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- zip/unzip: Create/extract zip archives
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## 10. Text Processing:
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- grep: Search for patterns in files
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- sed: Stream editor for text manipulation
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- awk: Pattern scanning and text processing
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## 11. Redirection and Pipes:
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- >: Redirect output to a file
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- >>: Append output to a file
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- <: Read input from a file
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- |: Pipe output of one command to another
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## 12. User Management:
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- useradd: Add a new user
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- userdel: Delete a user
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- passwd: Change user password
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## 13. Advanced Commands:
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- find: Search for files in a directory hierarchy
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- xargs: Build and execute command lines from standard input
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- sort: Sort lines of text
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- uniq: Report or omit repeated lines
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## 14. Shell Scripting:
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- Variables: var_name=value
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- Conditionals: if, elif, else
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- Loops: for, while
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- Functions: function_name() { commands; }
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## 15. Job Control:
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- jobs: List active jobs
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- &: Run a command in the background
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- Ctrl+Z: Suspend a running process
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- Ctrl+C: Terminate a running process
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