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01 - Introduction to Linux/Linux Operating System Structure.md
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- The network stack is the set of protocols and services that enable network communication in the Linux operating system.
- The network stack includes protocols like TCP/IP, UDP, and ICMP, as well as higher-level protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SSH.
- The network stack is responsible for sending and receiving network packets, as well as managing network interfaces and routing.
- The network stack also includes features like firewalling, network address translation (NAT), and virtual private networks (VPNs).
This covers the major components and subsystems of the Linux operating system structure. Each of these components plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the system, providing the foundation for the applications and services that run on top of the Linux platform.
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1. **Root Directory (`/`)**:
- The root directory is the starting point for all files and directories in Linux. It's analogous to a plant's root system. Everything else is organized under this root.
- Absolute paths of files are traced back from the root. For instance, if you have a file at `/home/user/documents`, the directory structure goes: root → home → user → documents.
- Fun fact: There's a famous (but dangerous) joke about running `rm -rf /`—it would theoretically delete everything in your Linux system! 😅
2. **/bin (Binaries)**:
- `/bin` contains essential executable files for basic shell commands like `ls`, `cp`, and `cd`.
- These programs are typically in binary format and are accessible to all users on the system.
3. **/dev (Device Files)**:
- `/dev` houses special files related to devices. These files are virtual and don't physically exist on the disk.
- Examples:
- `/dev/null`: Used to discard data
- `/dev/zero`: Contains an infinite sequence of zeros
- `/dev/random`: Provides random values
4. **/etc (Configuration Files)**:
- `/etc` holds core configuration files used by the system administrator and services.
- Examples include password files and networking configurations.
- When you need to tweak system settings (like changing the hostname), you'll find the relevant files here¹.
- [(1) Linux Directory Structure Explained for Beginners.](https://linuxhandbook.com/linux-directory-structure/.)
- [(2) What is Linux? {Understanding Linux Operating System} - phoenixNAP.](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/what-is-linux.)
- [(3) Architecture of Linux Operating System - LinuxSimply.](https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/introduction/architecture-of-linux-operating-system/.)
- [(4) What is Linux? - Red Hat.](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux/what-is-linux.)
- [(5) en.wikipedia.org.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux.)
- The network stack also includes features like firewalling, network address translation (NAT), and virtual private networks (VPNs).