77 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
77 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
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# Advanced Package Management (YUM)
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## 1. Understanding YUM:
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YUM is a package manager used in Red Hat-based Linux distributions like CentOS, Fedora, and RHEL. It simplifies the process of installing, updating, and removing software packages.
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## 2. Basic YUM commands:
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- Install a package: `yum install package_name`
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- Remove a package: `yum remove package_name`
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- Update all packages: `yum update`
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- Search for a package: `yum search keyword`
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- Get information about a package: `yum info package_name`
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## 3. Working with repositories:
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- List configured repositories: `yum repolist`
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- Add a repository:
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Create a .repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d/ with the following structure:
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```
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[repo-name]
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name=Repository Name
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baseurl=http://repo.url
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=http://repo.url/RPM-GPG-KEY
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```
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- Enable/disable a repository: `yum-config-manager --enable/--disable repo-name`
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## 4. Advanced package operations:
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- Install a specific version: `yum install package_name-version`
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- Downgrade a package: `yum downgrade package_name`
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- Reinstall a package: `yum reinstall package_name`
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- List dependencies: `yum deplist package_name`
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- Install only dependencies: `yum depinstall package_name`
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## 5. Group operations:
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- List available groups: `yum grouplist`
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- Install a group: `yum groupinstall "Group Name"`
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- Remove a group: `yum groupremove "Group Name"`
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- Update a group: `yum groupupdate "Group Name"`
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## 6. History and rollback:
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- View transaction history: `yum history`
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- Undo a transaction: `yum history undo transaction_id`
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- Redo a transaction: `yum history redo transaction_id`
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## 7. Cleanup operations:
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- Clean all caches: `yum clean all`
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- Remove orphaned packages: `yum autoremove`
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## 8. Using YUM plugins:
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- List installed plugins: `yum list installed | grep yum-plugin`
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- Install a plugin: `yum install yum-plugin-name`
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- Enable/disable a plugin: Edit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/plugin-name.conf
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## 9. Creating and using local repositories:
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- Install createrepo: `yum install createrepo`
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- Create a repository: `createrepo /path/to/repo`
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- Add the local repo to YUM: Create a .repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d/
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## 10. YUM variables and configuration:
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- View YUM variables: `yum variables`
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- Set variables: Edit /etc/yum/vars/ or use `--setopt` in commands
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- Configure YUM behavior: Edit /etc/yum.conf
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## 11. Using alternative package managers:
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- DNF (Dandified YUM): A next-generation replacement for YUM
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- Use `dnf` instead of `yum` in commands for newer distributions
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## 12. Security considerations:
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- Always use gpgcheck=1 in repository configurations
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- Regularly update the system with `yum update`
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- Use `yum update --security` for security updates only
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## 13. Troubleshooting:
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- Check YUM logs: /var/log/yum.log
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- Debug YUM operations: Add `-v` or `--verbose` to commands
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- Resolve dependency issues: Use `yum depsolve` or `yum check`
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